To effectively manage asynchronous operations, it is advisable to use Promise or async/await syntax to avoid the complexity introduced by callback nesting. However, callback nesting leads to the "callback hell" problem, which significantly impacts code readability and maintainability. The modern approach is to use async/await, making asynchronous code appear like synchronous code: async function runTasks() { try { await doTask1(); await doTask2(); await doTask3(); await doTask4(); console.log('完成所有任务'); } catch (err) { console.error(err); } } This approach improves code readability and maintainability, representing the recommended best practice in modern development. Key improvements include: 1. Clearer syntax structure 2. Reduced nested indentation 3. Enhanced readability through async/await 4. Improved error handling 5. More maintainable code structure The async/await pattern allows for: - Clearer control flow - More readable code structure - Easier error handling - Better integration with modern development practices The modern approach significantly reduces the complexity of asynchronous code while maintaining the same functionality.